COMPLICATIONS AFTER BRAIN STROKE

Stroke is a disease that can happen to anyone and causes very dangerous complications. In this article Bneuron will provide complications of stroke, stay tuned!

Does stroke cause death?

Stroke ranks as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, second only to heart disease and cancer. Moreover, it is also a primary cause of disability, imposing significant burdens on individuals. The aftermath of a stroke often results in profound impairments, severely diminishing the quality of life for patients.

A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced, resulting in damage or death of brain cells. There are two main types of stroke:

• Ischemic stroke: This is the most common type and occurs when a blood clot forms in a blood vessel leading to the brain. The blood clot can block the flow of blood, leading to damage or death of brain cells.
• Hemorrhagic stroke: This type of stroke occurs when a blood vessel bursts in the brain. This can cause bleeding into the brain, resulting in deep-seated damage or death of brain cells

Causes of stroke

Ischemic stroke (accounting for 85% of stroke cases)

• Atherosclerosis: Accumulation of plaque (cholesterol, fat) within blood vessels, narrowing the arteries and reducing blood flow to the brain.
• Blood clot: Formation of clots within blood vessels due to factors such as heart rhythm disorders, heart valve disease, blood clotting disorders, etc.
• Blood vessel blockage: Due to congenital blood vessel abnormalities, head trauma, etc.

Hemorrhagic stroke (accounting for 15% of stroke cases)

• Ruptured blood vessel in the brain: Due to uncontrolled high blood pressure, cerebral vascular malformations, etc.
• Head trauma: Causing damage to blood vessels in the brain, leading to hemorrhage.

Some other factors

• Age: The risk of stroke increases in individuals over 55 years old.
• Gender: Men have a higher risk of stroke than women.
• Family history: Having a family member with a history of stroke.
• Unhealthy lifestyle: Smoking, alcohol abuse, unbalanced diet, lack of physical activity.
• Other medical conditions: High blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia,..

Illustration cause of a stroke

Complications can occur after a stroke

The consequences of a stroke are not limited to physical changes but also affect the quality of daily life.

Common difficulties

Common complications of stroke include sleep disturbances such as insomnia or disrupted sleep patterns, psychological disorders such as anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and prolonged depression. Muscle control issues may manifest as partial paralysis, muscle weakness, or stiffness. Respiratory problems like breathing difficulties may require ventilator support, while respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia or bronchitis can occur. Swallowing difficulties, including choking, dehydration, and malnutrition, are also prevalent aftereffects of stroke.

Illustration of stroke manifestations

Complications of immobility

The complications following a stroke-induced immobility include the formation of blood clots, increasing the risk of recurrent strokes. The body becomes weakened, exhibiting symptoms of fatigue and frailty. Muscle loss occurs as muscles atrophy, reducing mobility. Urinary tract infections such as bladder or kidney infections may occur. Prolonged pressure can lead to the development of pressure ulcers. Stiffness in joints may also occur, limiting movement.

Affects function

Stroke affects various functions of the body. Firstly, there is a reduction in mobility, causing difficulty in movement, standing up, or sitting down. Vision can also be affected, with symptoms like blurred vision, double vision, or even partial or complete loss of vision. Sensation in certain body parts may decrease or be completely lost. Memory and concentration are often impaired, leading to forgetfulness and difficulty focusing on specific tasks. Thinking and problem-solving become more challenging due to cognitive issues. Communication is also affected, with difficulties in speaking, stuttering, or even losing the ability to use language naturally.

Consequence

The consequences include a reduced ability to independently engage in daily activities and difficulties in interacting with the surrounding world. This leads to a serious impact on quality of life.

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